Check out travel videos, shows, and guides on top travel destinations on Travel Channel. Get all tips, show updates, and trip ideas here. Table of Contents Search for printer HOME: The Discovery of Global Warming February 2016: Bibliography. This bibliography may seem long (more than 2500 items), but it has a great many omissions. Discovery Channel Documentaries All Seasons. Episode Number: Episode Name: Originally Aired: Image: 1 x 1: Extreme Machines: Super Trains : 1 x 2: Stealth Secrets : 1 x 3: Everything You Need To Know: The Brain. The Ice Age - One of History’s Biggest Mysteryby Edward F. Malkowskifrom. Sonsof. God- Daughtersof. Men Website. Research into glaciation cycles began. Now there's new evidence that a cold epoch is in the. Those of us who live in the Midwest. United States seem to have the worst of both worlds. ![]() THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF ANCIENT AMERICA AND THE SPANISH CONQUEST. BY JOHN FISKE. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. Then I unbar the doors; my paths lead out The exodus of nations; I disperse Men to all shores that. Research into glaciation cycles began in the 19th century, but scientists still can't agree on why ice ages occur. Now there's new evidence that a cold epoch is in the wings.
Hot humid. summers, where the temperature often reaches 9. Despite these. seemingly unbearable extremes, we live in a land of plenty because. Great Ice. Age. Walls of Snow. Ice. According to scientists, over the course of the last two million. Canada, moved it south in a 1. Midwest plain. The ice sheet produced large. A mixture of these materials. Ohio and Upper. Mississippi River valleys. Remnants of. these vast sheets of ice can. Midwest. Retreating glaciers left large. Great Lakes. Other, larger ones. Lake Winnipeg, Reindeer, Athabasca, Great Slave, and Great. Bear in Canada, existed at one time but have since drained off and. Glaciers reached as far south as the current locations of the Ohio. Missouri Rivers, although the Wisconsin ice sheet, the most. Illinois. Local. legend has it that the glacier stopped twenty miles north of. Springfield, the state capital. There is a grand mound there named. Elkhart Hill, more than a mile in circumference. According to the History of Logan. County, Illinois, Elkhart Hill is, “the most conspicuous physical. Logan County.. with virgin. Glacial advances and retreats also had a. Sea levels fell. approximately 4. It exposed the flat continental shelves as. It had the same effect as raising the land, which caused. Lower Mississippi, Tombigbee- Alabama. Red River systems for example. As the ice sheet melted, these. Most of the water south of the glaciers flowed into the. Upper Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River basins. Sediment loaded. water spilled into the Lower Mississippi River forming a huge flood. At the leading edge of the glaciers, ice cliffs were up to two. The harshest of climatic conditions occurred in this. Cold temperatures and strong winds created an. Arctic desert, a wasteland littered with rock debris and fine. Strong winds gathered this sediment from the glaciers and. These deposits cover much of the Midwest and extended south into. Louisiana and Mississippi. Loess deposits form many of the present. Mississippi River and are the source of. Midwest farmland we enjoy today. As the ice sheet slowly spread south, it pushed the sub- artic and. Adjacent to the ice was a land of. Eighteen thousand years ago, when the last glaciers were at their. Gulf Coast was also colder and drier. Rainfall in southern Louisiana and Mississippi was as much as 4. Boreal forests extended as. Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. Sparse. forests of northern pine likely covered the north central Gulf. Coast. Oak and hickory forests grew in the river bottoms. Florida. was drier and its average annual temperature was as much as 1. Tall grass prairie, with pine and aspen. Central Texas. West Texas was. It is a geologic fact that ice has had a great impact on North. America. Besides the geological evidence of moraines, kettle lakes. Greenland and Antarctic ice. CO2). have fluctuated over the millions of years. Lower levels of CO2. Although a great amount of scientific. Joseph Adhémar published the first. Revolutions de la Mer. Deluges Periodics. Discovering. the Ice Age As early as 1. Bernard Kuhn believed that erratic boulders. Swiss Jura were the result of ancient glaciation. After James. Hutton visited Jura seven years later, he arrived at the same. However, until the first half of the 1. A German born geologist, Jean de. Charpentier (1. 78. In 1. 84. 1, Test on the Glaciers, his. It was the first detailed, scientific case for. Louis Agassiz (1. Ice Age had once gripped the Earth (Étude sur les glaciers. In a later book, Système glaciare (1. Europe that supported his. In 1. 84. 8, he accepted a position at Harvard and moved to. America, where he discovered even more evidence of glaciation. By 1. 87. 0, the theory of ancient periods. The Earth’s. Orbit and Wobble With a scientific consensus that the Ice Age existed, the quest then. The first theory, introduced by Joseph. Adhémar, was based on the Earth’s axis tilting back and forth. As time passes, the constellations will slowly change. Today the sun rises in the. Pieces at the spring equinox. Two thousand years. Aries; the next two thousand years, beginning around. Aquarius. This tilt of the Earth’s axis is called the plane of the obliquity. The angle is called the obliquity of the. This angle of the Earth’s. According to Adhémar’s theory, whichever hemisphere had a longer. Thus, every 1. 1,0. James Croll, a self- taught scholar and one- time janitor at. Andersonian College and Museum in Scotland, objected to Adhémar’s theory. He concluded that the most plausible driving force. Earth, called insolation, as a result of earth’s path of. This eccentricity affects the amount of solar radiation that. Earth’s surface at aphelion (our farthest point from the. According to his theory, a decrease in the amount of solar radiation. This would result. If winter occurs when the earth is close to the sun, winters. But if winter occurs when the. Therefore, if the polar area of a hemisphere becomes colder trade. If earth’s orbit were circular, the slow. Each season would. However, since. insolation in the Northern Hemisphere is out of phase with that. Southern Hemisphere, Croll believed that the ice ages would. Northern to Southern Hemispheres. Although the alternating ice age theory was proved to be wrong, his. He was the first to. Earth’s orbit in building an explanatory model. In 1. 87. 6, a year after his own book was published, Croll was named a. Fellow of the Royal Society of London. Early in the 2. 0th century Milutin Milankovitch, a professor. University of. Belgrade, revived Croll’s insolation theory and set out on the task. Ludwig Pilgrim’s latest. Earth’s orbit. He showed that the insolation. Since the insolation curve has an. He also had the insight to put forward the. Northern Hemisphere would dominate because it. Earth’s land mass. Driven by the amount. Hemispheres would be synchronized. Milankovitch’s insolation theory was abandoned when age. However, isotope. Earth’s. climate revived it during the 1. Deep- sea sediments. When alive, they. Oxygen- 1. 8, the heavier atom, is. Whenever water is extracted from the ocean to make more ice, it. This enrichment, from. Ca. CO3). The carbonate precipitates. By analyzing oxygen. Earth. produced more glaciers, and the time periods when ice ages occurred. In sea floor sediments, the presence of 1. But there are. still unresolved questions. In glacial data, the 1. However, in insolation theory, it. The. 2. 3,0. 00- year cycle dominates and the weakest appears to be the. Himalayan. Uplift and the Global Climate. One of the more recent theories to explain ice ages links changes in. Earth’s most impressive geological. Himalayas. According to the theory proposed by. Maureen Raymo at Boston University, as the Himalayas grew. This process of chemical weathering. To show that this was the case Raymo turned to the study of seafloor. There are several types (isotopes) of strontium, each with a. Strontium- 8. 7, a heavier variety, is. The lighter. variety, strontium- 8. By comparing the amounts of the. Raymo believed that she would learn. Thirty- five. million years ago, strontium- 8. Himalayan uplift. With the strontium evidence, Maureen Raymo believes she solved the. First, the uplift of the Tibetan region intensified. Indian monsoon. Then the monsoon rains eroded the mountains. Finally, with less carbon. Ocean Currents. and a New Ice Age. Although distinct ocean currents have been known for some time. New research has determined. Pacific flow westward. Africa, and then northward along the African and. Europe balmy in contrast to. Labrador, across the Atlantic. It provides. Western Europe with a third as much warmth as the Sun does, and is. In the North Atlantic, the Gulf Stream carries heat in the form of. And as it moves north, it. The warm. water becomes saltier with evaporation, and when it reaches the. Iceland, its density reaches a point that it sinks to. Then it becomes part of the cold- water return cycle and. Atlantic, around Africa and back to the. Pacific. If by some way the warm waters ceased, Europe would enter a mini- ice. Current studies suggest that it is a possibility and that this. North Atlantic is unpredictable. Since. the end of the last ice age, the arctic ice cap has continued to. North Atlantic. If too much. It would remain where it is, blocking the. Europe. This same type of ocean currents exists in the South Atlantic near. Antarctica. There, ocean currents flow along the coast. Deep cold. currents flow back from the South Atlantic, south of Africa and on. Australia. Cold, salty water off the Antarctic coast sinks into. According to Wallace Broecker of. Columbia University, Antarctic waters are sinking only at a third of. But this will have a. If correct, the slowdown in the Antarctic deep. Antarctic colder and. Gulf Stream warmer. The current global warming trend began. Broecker believes that this warming is. The Visiting. Comet. Donald Patten proposes a completely different theory as to. Although his idea seems to be as much theologically. He also discusses motives and beliefs, almost a. Since the 1. 92. 0s, George Mc. Cready Price. Byron C. Nelson, Alfred M. Rehwinkel, Henry Morris, Charles Hapgood. Ivan Sanderson. Immanuel Velikovsky, and Dolph E. Hooker, among others, have carried the banner of a sudden. The phenomenon that provides Patten and others with some punch to. Although mammoths are not the sole. Their remains, sometimes whole, have been found in Siberia and. Alaska by the tens of thousands and have provided the world with an. Russia has a long tradition in providing ivory from Siberian islands. Between 1. 88. 0 and 1. It is estimated that there may be. Siberia. 6. According to a National Geographic article, experts estimate that. A sudden calamity, such as an asteroid impact or comet near miss. Its. precedent is seen in the greatest extinction of all at the end of.
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